Chemistry Labs
Interactive chemistry, built for NEET. Rotate it, test yourself, remember it.
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
5 labsMethane
Explore the perfect 109.5° tetrahedral geometry of methane. Drag to rotate and see why sp³ hybridization gives this shape — the foundation of all alkane chemistry.
Hybridisation
Don't memorise shapes — build them. In the Play zone, electron-domain sticks repel each other and settle farthest apart, so you feel why the geometry is what it is. Then see every hybridisation — sp, sp², sp³, sp³d, sp³d² and sp³d³ hybrid orbitals — with their famous molecules and exact bond angles.
Ionic Lattice
Ions randomly nahi jamte — jo packing charge aur size allow karti hai, wahi lattice banti hai. Pehle scattered Na⁺ aur Cl⁻ ko rock-salt grid mein snap hote dekho. Phir do dials ghumao: SIZE slider (radius ratio r⁺/r⁻) lattice ko ZnS(4:4) → NaCl(6:6) → CsCl(8:8) mein re-snap karti hai — size hi coordination number decide karti hai. CHARGE toggle (NaCl 1:1 → MgO 2:2) grip badalti hai — colour gehra, lattice energy 788 → 3795 kJ/mol. Ek gesture per axis: size se shape, charge se strength.
Valence Bond Theory
Slide two p-orbitals together and watch a bond form. Toggle σ vs π to feel the difference between head-on and sideways overlap — and twist a π bond to see why double bonds can't rotate.
π Electron Cloud
Lines on paper are all σ. Build C₂H₄, C₂H₂ and C₆H₆ one stop at a time — skeleton, leftover p orbitals, then the π cloud that sits above and below the plane. Watch benzene's three Kekulé clouds melt into one ring.
Structure of Atom
3 labsAtomic Orbitals
Visualize s, p, and d orbital shapes in 3D. Toggle between orbitals and understand why electron density takes these specific forms — the building blocks of every chemical bond.
Orbital Nodes
See the three kinds of orbital node in 3D — radial spheres, angular planes, and the conical nodes of d_z². Toggle each node type, slice the cloud open, and match them to the radial distribution curve.
Atomic Mass Unit
Carbon-12 (12.000 u) is the standard for atomic mass. Add atoms of different elements to a 3D balance scale and discover how many Hydrogen atoms (1.008 u each) it takes to balance one Carbon-12 atom.
Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
1 labOrganic Chemistry — Some Basic Principles
3 labsConformations
Rotate the C–C single bond and watch 3D geometry, Newman projection, and torsional energy update in lockstep. Compare staggered vs eclipsed in ethane, and anti vs gauche vs eclipsed in butane.
Symmetry Elements
Plane, centre aur axis — teeno symmetry elements ko khud chala ke dekho. Fold karo, invert karo, ghumao. Aur wo trap samjho jahan axis hone ke baad bhi molecule chiral rehta hai.
Chirality 3D
Symmetry planes ko ek-ek karke khatam karo aur dekho molecule kab chiral ban jaata hai. Phir mirror test — superimpose karke dekho, hota hi nahi.
Haloalkanes & Haloarenes
3 labsSN2 Inversion
Watch a nucleophile attack from the backside, flip the carbon's 'umbrella' through a trigonal-bipyramidal transition state, and kick out the leaving group. Drag the reaction-coordinate slider to see Walden inversion and the single-barrier energy profile move in lockstep.
SN1 Racemisation
SN1 ka pura drama ek hi cheez hai — planar carbocation. Is lab mein carbon ko umbrella se plate bante hue dekho: Br⁻ chala jaata hai, carbon flat ho jaata hai, aur phir nucleophile upar se bhi neeche se bhi equally attack kar sakta hai. Result? Racemic mixture — 50:50 R aur S. Stepper ghumao, bond angles ka sum live 360° hote dekho, aur energy profile mein do humps pehchano — yehi SN1 ki pehchaan hai.
E2 Elimination
E2 ek hi step mein hota hai — base β-H uthata hai, C–X bond tootta hai aur double bond banta hai, sab saath-saath. Par koi bhi β-H nahi: H aur Br anti-periplanar, lagbhag 180° aur ek flat runway mein hone chahiye. Dial ghumao, actual dihedral measure karo, C3 versus C1 route compare karo aur dekho kaunsa β-H E-but-2-ene, Z-but-2-ene ya but-1-ene deta hai.
States of Matter
1 labStoichiometry & Mole Concept
2 labsGram Equivalent
Match the equivalents of Na₂CO₃ (n=2) and HCl (n=1) on a 3D balance, then hit 'Mix them!' and watch both sides react to nothing — even though one pan weighs 53g and the other just 36.5g. Equal equivalents react, unequal mass.
N-Factor Explorer
Pour H⁺ ions onto the right pan of a 3D balance scale and see how many it takes to match one molecule's reacting power. Discover that n-factor = number of H⁺ a molecule gives or takes.
Classification of Elements & Periodicity
2 labsIonisation Enthalpy
Strip electrons one by one off an isolated gaseous atom and feel the grip get stronger. Watch the energy jump when the noble-gas core breaks — that jump tells you the group.
Electron Gain Enthalpy
Offer an electron to a gaseous atom and watch the energy meter. Almost every atom is hungry — it gulps the electron and releases energy. Only Be, Mg, N and the noble gases refuse. And nobody wants the second electron.