n-factor (also called reacting power) is the number of moles of H⁺ (for acids), OH⁻ (for bases), or total positive charge (for salts) that 1 mole of the substance provides or consumes in a reaction. It determines the equivalent weight: Eq.Wt = Molecular Weight / n-factor.

Why does HCl have n=1?

HCl is a monoprotic acid — each HCl molecule can donate exactly 1 H⁺ ion in solution: HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻.

Why does Na₂CO₃ have n=2?

Na₂CO₃ dissociates into 2 Na⁺ and CO₃²⁻. The CO₃²⁻ accepts 2 H⁺ to form H₂CO₃ (which decomposes into H₂O + CO₂). Since it accepts 2 H⁺, its n-factor = 2.

Can an element have multiple n-factors?

Yes! For example, H₃PO₃ has n=2 (not 3) because only 2 of its 3 H atoms are replaceable by a base. H₃PO₄ has n=3. The n-factor depends on the specific reaction.

PhysicalEasyNEET: 1-2 Q3D

N-Factor Explorer — What Is Reacting Power?

Stoichiometry & Mole Concept

Pour H⁺ ions onto the right pan of a 3D balance scale and see how many it takes to match one molecule's reacting power. Discover that n-factor = number of H⁺ a molecule gives or takes.

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Molecule select karo, phir + daba ke H⁺ add karo — scale tabhi balance hoga jab H⁺ count = n-factor

N-Factor Explorer — What Is Reacting Power?

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🧭 How to use this lab

Practice

Learned it? Now prove it under the clock.

How to use this lab