Definition me 'gaseous' aur 'isolated' kyun likha hota hai?

Taaki electron nikalte waqt koi doosra atom ya phase interaction disturb na kare — pure single atom se ek electron, vacuum me. Tabhi value standard aur comparable hoti hai.

IE₂ hamesha IE₁ se zyada kyun hoti hai?

Ek electron nikalne ke baad cation ban jata hai; ab kam electrons par utna hi nuclear charge — baaki electrons zyada zor se khinche jaate hain, isliye agla nikalna mushkil.

Be ki IE₁, B se zyada kyun hai jabki B ka Z bada hai?

Be ka 2s² fully-filled stable hai; B ka 2p¹ electron tulna me kam strongly bound hota, easily nikal jata — isliye Be ka IE zyada.

NEETlab

InorganicMediumNEET: 2–3 Q/year Q3D

Chemistry lab

Ionisation Enthalpy — Pull an Electron

Classification of Elements & Periodicity

Explore the interactive model.

Loading lab

Tap "Pull electron" — paas wala mushkil, door wala easy. Core toote toh energy phategi.

How to use this lab

1“Pull electron” dabao — atom se electron nikaalo, energy meter dekho.
2“IE trend” tab se period aur group ka trend samjho.
3Alag elements pe ja ke compare karo.

About this lab

Strip electrons one by one off an isolated gaseous atom and feel the grip get stronger. Watch the energy jump when the noble-gas core breaks — that jump tells you the group.

What you're seeing

Ek isolated gaseous atom se electron kheecho aur khud feel karo — paas wala electron nikalna mushkil, door wala easy. Jab core toote, energy achaanak phategi.

Key NEET facts

IE₁ definition: M(g) → M⁺(g) + e⁻
Na: IE₁ → IE₂: 496 → 4562 kJ/mol
Across a period: IE badhta hai
Zeff badhta, size ghatta — nucleus electron ko zyada zor se pakadta hai.
Down a group: IE ghatta hai
Size badhta, shielding badhti — valence electron door, easily nikal jata.
Anomalies: Be > B, N > O
Be ka 2s² aur N ka half-filled 2p³ extra stable — isliye padosi se zyada IE.

Memory trick

Jaha IE achaanak 5–10× jump kare, wahi noble-gas core toot raha hai. Jump se PEHLE jitne electron nikle — utna hi group number. (Na: 1 ke baad jump → Group 1. Mg: 2 ke baad → Group 2.)

Practice

Test Yourself

Kisi element ke successive ionisation enthalpies (kJ/mol) hain: 738, 1451, 7733, 10540. Ye element kis group ka hai?

Next lab

Electron Gain Enthalpy — Feed the Atom

Classification of Elements & Periodicity

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About this lab

Practice

How to use this lab